What causes learning disorders?

Factors that might influence the development of learning disorders include:

• Family history and genetics. A family history of learning disorders increases the risk of a child developing a disorder.
• Prenatal and neonatal risks. Poor growth in the uterus (severe intrauterine growth restriction), exposure to alcohol or drugs before being born, premature birth, and very low birthweight have been linked with learning disorders.
• Psychological trauma. Psychological trauma or abuse in early childhood may affect brain development and increase the risk of learning disorders.
• Physical trauma. Head injuries or nervous system infections might play a role in the development of learning disorders.
• Environmental exposure. Exposure to high levels of toxins, such as lead, has been linked to an increased risk of learning disorders.